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Research on Aging
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Dynamics of Frailty and ADL Dependence in a Five-Year Longitudinal Study of Octogenarians

Edith Guilley

University of Geneva, edith.guilley{at}cig.unige.ch

Paolo Ghisletta

University of Geneva

Franca Armi

University of Geneva

André Berchtold

University of Lausanne

Christian Lalive d'Epinay

University of Geneva

Jean-Pierre Michel

University Hospital of Geneva

Anik de Ribaupierre

University of Geneva, University of Lausanne

Using a sample of octogenarians from the Swiss Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study on the Oldest Old, the authors investigated the predictive validity of an expanded working definition of frailty based on deficiencies in mobility, memory, energy, and physical or sensory capacities and analyzed the resulting health transitions. The five domains were considered as predictors of the onset of dependence in activities of daily living (ADLs) and death using logistic multilevel and Cox survival regression models. Health transitions were studied with Markov chains. Deficiencies in memory, energy, and sensory capacities contributed to the prediction of the onset of ADL dependence and death in participants free of physical pains and mobility impairments. With two domains affected, frailty in very old persons indicated an increased risk of adverse outcomes. The study of transitions showed that ADL-independent frailty was a highly probable and relatively long transitional stage between robustness and ADL dependence.

Key Words: frailty • ADL dependence • longitudinal • oldest old

This version was published on May 1, 2008

Research on Aging, Vol. 30, No. 3, 299-317 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0164027507312115
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